As reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) in their fact sheet “Electronic Waste (e-Waste),” millions of electronic devices, from computers to household appliances, are discarded annually as they become obsolete or non-functional. These discarded electronics, known as e-waste, pose significant health and environmental risks if not properly managed.
Scope of the Problem
Electronic waste is one of the fastest-growing solid waste streams globally. In 2022, less than 25% of global e-waste was formally recycled, even though it contains valuable and finite materials that can be reused. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), insufficient regulations and poor recycling infrastructure result in hazardous informal recycling activities that release harmful substances like lead, dioxins, and mercury. These toxic chemicals are linked to severe health effects, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children and pregnant women.
Despite international regulations, the illegal movement of e-waste across borders persists, further exacerbating the environmental and public health crisis in LMICs.
Hazardous Exposure from E-Waste
When e-waste is improperly processed through activities like open burning, acid baths, and landfill disposal, toxic pollutants are released into the air, water, and soil. These pollutants can travel far from the original sites, contaminating distant communities. Open burning, in particular, releases harmful fumes that pose a serious threat to public health and contribute to air pollution.
Environmental and Health Implications
Communities near e-waste sites are exposed to toxic chemicals that can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders, respiratory issues, and chronic illnesses. The International Labour Organization (ILO) highlighted that waste processing is a significant subsector employing vulnerable populations, including children, who face disproportionate risks due to their developing physiology and increased exposure levels.
Sustainable Solutions
To combat the growing threat of e-waste, responsible recycling practices, enforcement of international regulations, and increased investment in sustainable waste management infrastructure are essential. Raising awareness and improving training in e-waste handling can also reduce hazardous exposures and safeguard public health.
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Article with all rights reserved, courtesy of who.int.
